Manual Testing Interview Questions
Master fundamental manual testing concepts and scenario-based interview questions.
Q1: What is the difference between verification and validation?
Answer: Verification is the process of evaluating work-products to ensure they meet specified requirements ("Are we building the product right?"). Validation is the process of evaluating the final product to check if it meets business needs and requirements ("Are we building the right product?").
Q2: Explain the bug life cycle
Answer: The bug life cycle includes these stages:
- New - Bug is reported
- Assigned - Assigned to developer
- Open - Developer starts working on it
- Fixed - Developer fixes the bug
- Retest - Tester verifies the fix
- Verified - Bug is confirmed fixed
- Closed - Bug is closed
- Reopened - If bug persists after fix
Q3: What is the difference between Smoke and Sanity testing?
Answer: Smoke testing is done to ensure critical functionalities work and the build is stable enough for further testing. Sanity testing is a narrow and deep testing approach that focuses on one or a few areas of functionality after changes to verify that specific functions work as expected.